Identify bases below.
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Inorganic bases can be recognized by a hydroxide in their formula, for example, NaOH, Ca(OH)2 and Al(OH)3.
Other important bases are ammonia, NH3, and its derivatives such as amines. Amines can be obtained from ammonia by substituting one or more hydrogens in ammonia with one or more organic radicals.
For example, NH3 (ammonia), NH2CH3 (methyl substituted ammonia, methylamine), NH2CH2CH3 (ethyl substituted ammonia, ethylamine), C6H5CH2NH2 (benzyl substituted ammonia, benzylamine), NH(CH3)2 (dimethyl substituted ammonia, dimethylamine), N(CH3)3 (trimethyl substituted ammonia, thrimethylamine).
In the above compounds, the lone pair on nitrogen accepts a proton in solutions and thus acts as a base. Notice that in NH4+ the lone pair is unavailable, and hence NH4+ is not a base.